Infección necrotizante de tejidos blandos: experiencia durante 15 años en un hospital pediátrico / Necrotizing soft tissue infections: experience over 15 years in a pediatric hospital

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Infección Necrotizante de tejidos blandos (INTB) tiene una elevada morbimortalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir del manejo perioperatorio de menores de 15 años que cursaron con INTB durante 15 años en un Hospital pediátrico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: serie de pacientes identificados INTB entre 2000 y 2015 en el Hospital Roberto del Río. Se describen variables demográficas, clínicas, vacuna, tratamiento, cirugías, complicaciones, microorganismos, seguimiento, y fallecimientos. RESULTADOS: 22 pacientes, con mediana de 2 años y 9 meses de edad. 50% estaban cursando con una varicela. Dos fallecieron. Ninguno era previamente vacunado contra el virus varicela zoster. La localización fue tronco (14), extremidades (7), cuello (1). Los pacientes conscientes presentaron hiperestesia cutánea. Se realizó aseo quirúrgico con una mediana de 6,8 horas desde el inicio de la hiperestesia y 2 horas desde la sospecha diagnóstica. Los microorganismos fueron: S. pyogenes (38%) y E. coli (31%). Los antibióticos más frecuentes fueron penicilina más clindamicina. La herida se manejó con cierre primario, injertos y/o colgajos. Cinco evolucionaron con secuelas que necesitaron tratamiento. CONCLUSIÓN: Se identificó que la INTB puede presentarse con varicela. Debe sospecharse en lesiones cutáneas e hiperestesia desproporcionada. Resección amplia y precoz son fundamentales para el tratamiento.

INTRODUCTION: Necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) has a high morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to describe the perioperative management of children under 15 years of age who have had this condition for 15 years in a pediatric hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: cases series of patients identified by Pathological Anatomy with NSTI during 2000 and 2015 at the Dr. Roberto del Río Hospital. Demographic variables, treatment, antecedents of vaccination, surgeries, complications, microorganisms, follow-up, and deaths are described. RESULTS: 22 patients were identified, with a median of 2 years 9 months of age (interquartile range: 13 months to 5 years y 10 months). 50% of the cases were associated to chickenpox. Two died. No patient was previously vaccinated against varicella zoster virus. The location was trunk (14), extremities (7) and neck (1). All conscious patients presented cutaneous hyperesthesia. Surgical debridement was performed with a median of 6.8 hours from the onset of hyperesthesia and 2 hours from diagnostic suspicion. The most frequent microorganisms were: Streptococcus pyogenes (38%) and Escherichia coli (31%). The most frequent antibiotics used were penicillin plus clindamycin. The wound was handled with primary closure, grafts and / or flaps. Five patients evolved with sequelae that needed treatment. CONCLUSION: It was identified that STNI in children is associated with chickenpox. It should be suspected in cutaneous lesions and disproportionate hyperesthesia. Aggressive resection is essential for treatment

Fisuras labio-palatinas y fortificación de la harina con ácido fólico en Chile: an exploratory study / Cleft lip/palate and flour fortification with folic acid in Chile

Background: The effect of food fortification with folic acid on the incidence of lip-palate fissures (FLP) is under discussion. Aim: To calculate the rate of hospital discharges due to cleft lip and palate (CLP) and explore whether they decreased after the start of folic acid fortification in Chile. Material and Methods: The hospital discharge databases published by the Chilean Ministry of Health were analyzed. The trends of discharge rates due to CLP of children of less than one year of life (ICD-10 Q350-379 code) and live births (lb) were calculated from 1986 to 2012. Variables such as incidence of rubella, poverty rate, obesity in pregnant women, and percentage of women who smoked or drank alcohol in the last month were included. The relative risk (RR) of CLP pre-fortification (1986-1999) and post-fortification (2000-2010) was calculated. Mixed and Prais-Winsten models were used to adjust other variables. Results: The hospital discharge rate due to CLP decreased from 1.88 x 1,000 lb during 1986-1996 to 1.68 x 1,000 lb (RR = 1.09 (95% CI 1.05-1.14, p < 0.001). Prais-Winsten and Mixed models, determined that folic acid fortification is the variable explaining this decrease. During 2004-2011, hospital discharge rates for cleft lip decreased but there was an increase in the figures for cleft lip and palate. Conclusions: The 9% decrease in hospital discharge rates for CLP is concomitant with wheat folic acid fortification.

Evaluación de zona dadora en reconstrucción auricular de microtia con técnica suprapericóndrica en la obtención de cartílago costal / Evaluation of donor site in auricular reconstruction of microtia with supraperichondrial costal cartilage harvest technique

Aim: To assess the presence of donor site sequel of patients undergoing ear reconstruction with costal cartilage harvest, using supraperichondrial technique. methods: Cross-sectional study; patients under 15 years. The cartilages were harvested with perichondrium. Three observers performed donor site assessment; they were independent to this study (validated Strasser score: deformity, asymmetry, contour and scar). Children and their mothers were applied satisfaction survey. Analysis of the association between variables: nonparametric tests. Results: 19 reconstructions, 18 patients, age 8 (6-15) years, follow-up 50 (14-96) months; number of rib cartilage harvested 3 (2-4) units. Expert assessment: excellent in 2 (10.5%) cases, good in 10 (52.6%), regular in 7 (36.8%). Most mothers and patients rated the result as good. There was no significant difference in the score, with respect to the number of harvested costal cartilages. To separate them by age, poorer results were obtained at surgery before 10 years of age than in older (p < 0.03). Conclusion: Ear reconstruction and supraperichondrial technique for costal cartilage allows obtain good results in donor site. There is high satisfaction when evaluated by the patient and his mother, as well as observers. The result is not dependent on the number of harvested cartilage, but is related to age at surgery, best results were obtained in patients operated over 10 years of age.

Objetivo: Evaluar presencia de secuela en zona dadora de pacientes sometidos a reconstrucción auricular con cartílago costal con técnica suprapericóndrica. material y método: Corte transversal; pacientes menores de 15 años. Cartílagos fueron levantados con pericondrio. Evaluación de zona dadora fue realizada por tres observadores independientes (escala validada de Strasser: deformidad, asimetría, contorno y cicatriz). A niños y madres se les aplicó encuesta de satisfacción. En el análisis de la asociación entre variables se utilizan pruebas no paramétricas. Resultados: 19 reconstrucciones, 18 pacientes, mediana edad 8 (6-15) años, seguimiento 50 (14-96) meses, número de cartílagos costales obtenidos 3 (2-4) unidades. Evaluación de expertos: excelente en 2 (10,5%) casos, bueno en 10 (52,6%) y regular en 7 (36,8%). La mayoría de las madres y pacientes calificó como bueno el resultado. No hubo diferencia significativa en el puntaje con respecto al número de cartílagos costales cosechados. Al separarlos por edad se obtuvo peores resultados en los intervenidos antes de los 10 años que en mayores (p < 0,03). Conclusión: La reconstrucción auricular con cartílago costal y técnica suprapericóndrica, permite obtener buenos resultados en zona dadora. Existe alta satisfacción al ser evaluada por el paciente y su madre, así como por los observadores. El resultado no es dependiente del número de cartílagos; sí en relación a la edad de la cirugía: mejores resultados en pacientes operados sobre los 10 años de edad, lo que concuerda con otros estudios.